Settlements
Settlements are Player made Villages. To start one, craft a Settlement Flag and place it down. Settlers can be recruited to join your settlement at other villages, or when you run into them in the world.
For settlers to join, you need to build houses. Settlers will join if you meet their requirements, and your settlement has less then 2 homeless Settlers.
A house or room needs to be at least 20 tiles inside, a completed floor, and it must have a light source. Some settlers have special requirements, like the Alchemist needs an Alchemist Table, and the Blacksmith needs an Anvil. It will say what they need when you try to move them into a house or room.
Settlers will have jobs in a settlement, which they perform around their house. The Settlement Flag location does not matter.
Settler Chests
To allow settlers to use Storageboxes and Chests, Right-Click the chest to open its inventory, en press the House-Icon at the top.
In the next screen, you can choose what items are allowed inside this chest.
Jobs
Farming
The Farmer will farm Farmland around his house
Make a Farmland field close to the Farmer's house, and plant the seeds yourself.
Once the seeds can be harvested, the Farmer will do this, and plant the same seed back on the tile.
Be sure the Farmer has access to a chest with Seeds and Plants Allowed.
Animal Husbandry
The Animal Keeper will take care of animals around his house.
You will want your animals to be fenced in. Make some Fences, (ex. Wood Fence) and a Gate (Ex. Wood Fence Gate), and place them near the Animal Keepers house.
Go to Inventory (default=E) and press Settlement, Then Work, and choose Assign Husbandry Zone, Then select your entire fenced area.
Next, buy a Rope from the Farmer. Use the rope (Right Mouse button) on a wild Sheep or Cow, so it will follow you around. Right click on doors to keep them open. Lead the Animal into the fenced of area, and Right-Click to let it go.
If you bring at least 2 Cows or 2 Sheep, you can start breeding them. Do this either by giving them Wheat by hand, or via a Feeding Through.
A Feeding Through is a container, that can be filled with Wheat and, if placed inside the fenced off area, will keep the animals fed and multiplying.
Forestry
A Forestry zone can be assigned, for all Settlers to work in.
Go to Inventory (default=E) and press Settlement, Then Work, and choose Assign Forestry Zone, then select the land you want to use.
Next, plant some Saplings in the selected area, and be sure to place a chest nearby with Sapplings and Logs allowed.